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- Multimedia Standards Report - ISO HyTime Meeting
-
- Copyright 1992, Apple Computer, Inc.
-
- “Multimedia Standards Report” - ISO HyTime Meeting, April 23-30, 1992: Bento
- Container Model accepted and HyTime Progressed to IS”
-
- This SC 18 Meeting was held to progress HyTime from a draft international
- standard to an International Standard (IS). On April 28, a vote was taken among
- the national member bodies to vote on HyTime as being complete and stable
- enough to be registered as an ISO International Standard. The vote was almost
- unanimous, with two exceptions: Germany (pro-ODA) voted ‘No’ and Hungary
- abstained.
-
- A HyTime final editing meeting took place the week before to make the editing
- changes necessary to insure ‘Yes’ votes from the U.S., England, France,
- Denmark, and Japan all who had substantial comments on HyTime. Other national
- members voted Yes without comments.
-
- Apple had several minor comments on HyTime structuring and linking and one
- major comment: include the Bento model and philosophy as a new SGML Data
- Content Notation (DCN) in the HyTime specification. As Bento is perceived to
- be a container format for future media-rich information, this was not a problem
- for HyTime architects. To understand this, note that HyTime is basically an
- extension to SGML for hyperlinking and time relationships; Bento is contained
- in HyTime as a convenience and a way to add a container model simplifying
- interchange and locating of media data for HyTime applications. With
- extraordinary coordination between the Bento team, the Apple Global Standards
- group and the HyTime team, we were able to fold Bento into SGML/HyTime in less
- than two weeks. This was the most expedient way to get Bento into an
- international standard. It also doesn’t imply full SGML or HyTime use to get
- just the benefits of Bento. If users agree to use only certain aspects of
- HyTime, such as the Bento DCN, that’s possible and will not violate SGML
- conformance. In addition, two new types of references were added to Hytime’s
- linking facilities: indirect and external (both introduced by Bento).
-
- A technical note on understanding the Bento SGML lingo: the Bento DCN is a
- standardized way of defining a data stucture that may be used by hypermedia
- applications. It’s use is not mandatory in SGML. It is based on Bento’s
- framework and binary format, not the API. API’s are not specified in either
- SGML or HyTime. That is left to application and system’s developers (e.g.
- Tupperware).
-
- The Bento Data Content Notation (DCN) describes the primary characteristics of
- Bento, such as the TOC, the byte order, the modgen, etc. Bento
- "characteristics" resulted in a total rewrite of Clause 6, in particular the
- DCN in clause 6.7 is worth noting. Note that DCNs are application related, and
- do not require conformance.
-
- With substantial editing done by Dr. Charles Goldfarb of IBM, all of this was
- accomplished in less than 2 weeks. Opposition initially was raised only by
- Digital Equipment Corp, who thought adding the Bento model would slow HyTime’s
- balloting to IS. This didn’t occur and Digital backed down.
-
- During the voting meeting on April 28, a lively discussion ensued about illegal
- electronic copyright of ISO documents by Denmark. Denmark re-licenses, for a
- fee, electronic copies of documents, which is considered by many other
- countries (including the U.S.) to be illegal. In other words, they stamp the
- document as a Danish Standards document, and royalties are paid to them, not
- ISO. This makes tracking of the appropriate ISO copyright fees due ISO very
- difficult. ISO charges a small copyright fee for distribution of paper copies,
- but does not have a policy for selling or licensing electronic documents. It is
- my belief that they are closing their eyes are this issue. In fact, this
- problem was admitted by the 3 Danes attending the meetings.
-
- The U.S. standards body, ANSI, takes the position that copyright would have to
- be payed to both ISO (for the original text) and ANSI for the electronic
- version. How this can be handled is currently under investigation at ANSI. ANSI
- secretariats at this important international meeting admitted that while this
- is a way to keep ANSI "alive" into the future, both ISO and ANSI are still in
- the dark ages, and they are having a hard time getting ISO to move forward on
- this. The Apple Global Standards Group is working this issue inside ANSI. The
- Hytime editor, Dr. Charles Goldfarb, believes electronic proliferation of
- standards, rather than increasing the likelihood of a standard’s usefulness,
- will cause prolific misuse of the documentation, and he fears standards will be
- modified on-line in addition to the obvious problem of lack of appropriate
- funds for copyright permissions (noted as the ISO problem). Seems the copyright
- issue isn’t the only difficult problem. Security and encryption issues need to
- be worked through too.
-
- After the copyright discussion, we were subjected to a little melodrama. Steven
- Newcomb of TechnoTeacher Inc. wants all standards in electronic form and is
- pleading to ISO to automate standards electronically. He urged all national
- bodies to petition ISO to make electronic copies of the standard available.
- This caused an outburst from the HyTime editor, who claimed electronic
- copyright of HyTime is not only ISO's, but his and IBM's (his employer). He was
- immediately corrected by the convenor, Jim Mason, who said ISO directives claim
- the editor holds no such copyright. He then asked Dr. Goldfarb that he resign
- as editor. Dr. Goldfarb accepted and resigned until this issue is addressed by
- ISO and/or the group reinstates him. I expect all this to blow over by the next
- ISO meeting and Charles be reinstated as the SGML, etc. editor.
-
- It is no secret that Dr. Newcomb has founded his company to develop a HyTime
- application for the music industry and needs the electronic version to simplify
- his work effort. It is also no secret that Dr. Goldfarb continues to want
- absolute control over all SGML standards, including HyTime and will refuse to
- give up any part of his electronic version. He also makes no secret of the fact
- that he plans to write another SGML book; this time on HyTime, and knowing he
- is the only holder of the electronic SGML *gems*, makes him the definitive (and
- handsomely rewarded) authority on the subject.
-
- Hugh Tucker of Denmark seconded Dr. Newcomb's request to see all documents be
- distributed electronically to ease development of Hypertext systems. I also
- seconded the U.S. position. In fact, Denmark is building a hypertext navigation
- system for standards, which is currently only available on PCs. Mr Tucker's
- group is interested in porting this to the Mac.
-
- After the voting issues were taken care of, the HyTime group spent the
- remainder of the week discussing the new work items:
-
- 1. Working with CCITT SGVIII and ISO SC29 on a Hypermedia Functional Model.
- This work is brand new and so far, nothing substantial has been done.
- 2. How to address external new technologies such as 3D, etc.
- 3. How to interface better with the SC 18 ODA and HyperODA projects.
-
- Special thanks to Jed Harris for the time spent preparing the Bento SGML
- submission with Charles Goldfarb and myself.
-
- Rita Brennan
- Multimedia Standards
-
- Worldwide Multimedia!
- Standards & Assns.
- Standards
- 03-JUNE-92
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